India has commenced a major new project to establish a
unique identification (UID) database for the country's 1.2
billion citizens. The UID database will store demographic
(age, sex, address) and biometric information (photographs
and fingerprints), providing reliable proof of identity for
people to access government programmes, bank accounts,
insurance, voting registration, and other services.
A key rationale for the policy is to more poor Indians to
participate fully in the economy. Many poor people have no
form of identification, making it difficult for them to
access social welfare schemes and financial services like
bank accounts and micro-loans. The database will also help
to reduce waste and embezzlement in subsidy and poverty
alleviation programmes, address security threats and illegal
immigration, and clamp down on identity theft and fraud.
The UID scheme will provide a unique number to everyone
enrolled, but will not provide and identity card. Rather,
the number will be used in...